Escherichia coli has been widely used as a host system to express recombinant proteins. The expression of heterogeneous protein in E. coli tends to form insoluble inclusion bodies, whereas the export of recombinant protein to periplasmic or extracellular of cells has a great facility for folding correctly and simplifying downstream purification. Signal peptides play important roles in extracellular proteins secretion across the membranes. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the mechanism of translocation pathways and several general secretion systems. The effects of signal peptide sequence and structure character on protein secretion efficiency and available strategies developed to enhance secretion of recombinant proteins were also illustrated. Moreover, we discussed the recent advances in successful secretory expression of recombinant proteins in E. coli. The future prospects and the guidance for expression technology development of industrial enzyme preparation and protein pharmaceutic are addressed.%大肠杆菌是表达重组蛋白运用最广泛的宿主之一.异源蛋白在大肠杆菌中的表达往往会形成不溶性的包涵体；表达蛋白如果分泌至周质甚至胞外,不仅能够正确折叠,而且能简化后续的纯化；信号肽在蛋白分泌的过程中起关键作用,本文综述了大肠杆菌的跨膜转运途径与基本分泌系统,阐述了信号肽的结构与序列对重组蛋白分泌能力的影响,以及提高重组蛋白分泌能力的有效策略,总结了大肠杆菌系统成功实现重组蛋白分泌表达的新进展,为工业酶制剂及蛋白质药物相关技术的发展提供指导.
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