不同年龄野生和养殖兴凯湖翘嘴鲌肌肉营养成分分析

摘要

为评定营养价值、建立种质标准以及研制人工配合饲料,对2龄、4龄和6龄兴凯湖翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)野生和养殖群体的肌肉营养成分和营养品质进行了分析比较,结果显示,2龄兴凯湖翘嘴鲌野生和养殖群体肌肉营养成分含量无显著差异(P＞0.05)；4龄、6龄野生群体的水分和粗蛋白含量显著高于养殖群体(P＜0.05),粗脂肪含量显著低于养殖群体(P＜0.05).与常见养殖鱼类相比,野生兴凯湖翘嘴鲌Ca和P含量较高.野生和养殖群体的氨基酸组成一致,甘氨酸含量最高,谷氨酸和赖氨酸次之.4龄、6龄野生群体氨基酸总量(TAA)、必需氨基酸总量(EAA)和鲜味氨基酸含量显著高于养殖群体(P＜0.05).结果表明,兴凯湖翘嘴鲌野生与养殖群体蛋白质含量较高,均含有丰富的氨基酸,具有较高的营养价值和食用价值；野生群体肌肉营养价值和肉味鲜美程度明显优于养殖群体,且随年龄增长差异更加明显.在配制兴凯湖翘嘴鲌人工饲料时,应适当添加限制性氨基酸蛋氨酸和胱氨酸,以提高其营养价值；适当添加甘氨酸和谷氨酸,以提高养殖鱼体风味.%We compared the muscle constituents and quality of age 2, 4, and 6 wild and cultured Culter alburnus populations in Xingkai Lake, Heilongjiang Province. There was no significant difference in muscle components between wild and cultured populations of age 2 C. alburnus (P＞0.05). However, the moisture and crude protein contents were significantly higher in the wild population than in the cultured population. Conversely, the crude fat content was significantly lower in wild population than in the cultured population (P＜0.05) for both age 2 and age 4 fish. Compared with the common farmed fish, the Ca and P content of wild C. alburnus in Xingkai Lake was high and there was no difference in amino adid composition in wild and cultured populations. Of the amino acids, glycine was the most common, followed by glutamate and lysine. The total amino acid (TAA), essential amino acid (EAA), and delicious amino acid contents were significantly higher in the wild population than in the cultured population for age 4 and 6 individuals (P＜0.05). Our results suggest that the protein content is high in both the wild and cultured populations of C. alburnus in Xingkai Lake and that these fish have high nutritional and edible value. Compared with the cultured population, the nutritional value and taste of the meat was superior in the wild population, and this advantage increased with the age of the fish. Our data provide a basis for evaluating the nutritional value of C. alburnus and for developing manufactured feed for cultured fish. Based on our observations, artificial feeds for C. alburnus in Xingkai Lake should include methionine and cystine to improve the nutritional value whereas glycine and glutamic acid should be added to improve the flavor of cultured fish.