蚕豆、大巢菜籽及苦瓜籽饲料对草鱼生长、肌肉成分、组织生化指标和消化酶活性的影响

摘要

Five diets, including complete formula diet (control), soaked broad bean (SBB, fed as crumbled pieces after immersionin water), broad bean, common vetch seed and bitter melon seed diets (BBD, CVD, BMD), which included 75% broad bean, 60% common vetch seed and 60% bitter melon seed in formula diet, respectively, were fed to juvenile grass carps with an initial body weight of (59.0±0.6) g. After 8 weeks of feeding, the control fish had the highest weight gain (WG) and lowest feed conversation ratio (FCR) among all groups (P<0.05). Compared with the SBB group, the WG was 56.9% in the BBD group, and –30.6% and –21.2% in the CVD and BMD groups (P<0.05), respectively. Muscle collagen contents of the SBB, BBD, CVD and BMD groups were significantly higher, while muscle lipid contents were significantly lower than those of the control (P<0.05). The BMD group had higher total amino acids and delicious amino acids contents in muscle than those of the control and SBB groups (P<0.05). The hepatopancreatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of fish fed the BBD, CVD and SBB diets were significantly lower (P<0.05), and hepatopancreatic malonaldehyde (MDA) content and muscle creatine kinase (CK) activity were higher than those of fish fed the control diet (P<0.05). However, fish fed the BBD diet had lower hepatopancreatic MDA than fish fed the SBB diet. Fish fed the BBD, CVD, BMD and SBB diets had a lower lipidase activities and a higher amylase activities in their intestines compared with the control fish (P<0.05). The fish fed the BBD, CVD and SBB diets also showed lower protease activities than the control (P<0.05). In conclusion, soaked broad bean and high levels of dietary broad bean, common vetch seeds and bitter melon seed saltered the muscle composition of grass carp, and significantly decreased their growth performance. For growth and muscle composition, a broad bean diet has more advantages in the culture of crisped grass carp than common vetch seed, bitter melon seed and soaked broad bean diets.%分别以常规配合饲料(配合饲料组)、浸泡蚕豆(浸泡蚕豆组)、含75%蚕豆(蚕豆饲料组)、60%大巢菜籽(巢菜籽饲料组)、60%苦瓜籽(苦瓜籽饲料组)的饲料饲喂体重为(59.0±0.6) g的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)，养殖8周后，配合饲料的增重率显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)，饲料系数显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)；与浸泡蚕豆组相比，蚕豆饲料组的增重率提高56.9%，而巢菜籽饲料组、苦瓜籽饲料组的增重率则分别下降30.6%、21.2%(P<0.05)；浸泡蚕豆组、蚕豆饲料组、巢菜籽饲料组、苦瓜籽饲料组的肌肉胶原蛋白含量较配合饲料组显著提高，而肌肉脂肪含量显著下降(P<0.05)；苦瓜籽饲料组的肌肉总氨基酸(TAA)、鲜味氨基酸(DAA)含量显著高于配合饲料组和浸泡蚕豆组(P<0.05)。在生化指标方面，与配合饲料组相比，投喂蚕豆、巢菜籽饲料及浸泡蚕豆显著降低了肝胰脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(P<0.05)，提高了肝胰脏丙二醛(MDA)含量和肌肉肌酸激酶(CK)活性(P<0.05)，但蚕豆饲料组的肝胰脏丙二醛(MDA)含量低于浸泡蚕豆组(P<0.05)；在消化酶方面，投饲蚕豆、巢菜籽、苦瓜籽饲料和浸泡蚕豆显著降低了前肠脂肪酶活性(P<0.05)，提高了α-淀粉酶活性(P<0.05)，蚕豆饲料组、巢菜籽饲料组及浸泡蚕豆组的碱性蛋白酶活性较对照组显著降低(P<0.05)。上述结果表明，饲喂以蚕豆、大巢菜籽、苦瓜籽为主要成分的配合饲料及浸泡蚕豆可改变草鱼肌肉组成，但也降低了草鱼生长性能；综合生长性能和肌肉组成，蚕豆饲料较巢菜籽饲料、苦瓜籽饲料和浸泡蚕豆在脆化草鱼生产养殖上更具有可行性。