柘林湾海洋牧场不同功能区食物网结构

摘要

海洋牧场是由多个功能区组成的生态系统工程,不同功能区的生态环境和食物网结构各不相同,通过研究不同功能区食物网结构有助于了解功能区之间生态系统差异.实验通过对南澳柘林湾海洋牧场渔业资源环境调查,利用碳氮稳定同位素技术对海洋牧场不同功能区食物网结构进行比较,并借助SIBER对稳定同位素数据进行分析.结果显示,海洋牧场调查共采获生物种类78种,其中,消费者的δ13C比值介于–19.94‰～–13.62‰,δ15N比值介于8.78‰～15.29‰,营养级范围介于1.73～3.64.不同功能区同位素数据对比表明,人工鱼礁区生物资源相对丰富,食物网结构较为复杂;海藻增殖区中生物生态位分布最广,营养冗余程度较高;贝类增殖区生物生态位较窄,营养级分布较为集中.在不同功能区生态系统稳定性对比中,人工鱼礁区生态系统稳定性最佳,海藻增殖区生态系统稳定性较差.%Marine ranching is an ecological system engineering with many functional areas. The ecological envir-onment and food web structure vary from functional area to functional area . Study on food web structure of differ-ent functional areas contributes to knowing ecosystem differences among functional areas. Stable isotope tech-niques were applied to the analysis of food web structure in different functional areas in Nan’ao Zhelin Bay Mar-ine Ranch, where samples were collected for fishery resources and environment investigation. The results showed that 78 species were collected in the marine ranching, the δ13C values of consumer ranged from -19.94‰ to -13.62‰, the δ15N values ranged from 8.78‰ to 15.29‰ and trophic level ranged from 1.73 to 3.64. Compared with other functional areas, the artificial reef area possessed more biological resources and complex structure of food web. In addition, there is broader isotopic resource and higher trophic redundancy in macroalgae area while the ecological niche of shellfish area was narrower and nutrient distribution was more concentrated. By comparis-on of the ecosystem stability in different functional areas, the artificial reef area is best while the macroalgae area is poor.