本文基于中国健康与营养调查2009年最新数据的实证研究表明：教育和经验分别是城镇居民和务工农民拥有“相对比较优势”的人力资本，且前者回报率远大于后者，从而使得教育成为了扩大城乡居民工资不平等的主要人力资本；对于务工农民来说，技术、管理类等高层职业存在高文化进入门槛．而低层职业存在城镇户籍门槛。双重门槛形成的原因源于户籍歧视：分位数分解结果显示，户籍歧视总体呈现倒U型特征。缩小户籍工资不平等的关键在于推进城乡教育均等化、加强务工农民职业技能培训和消除就业户籍歧视。%Based on the China Health and Nutrition Surveys in 2009, this paper finds that education and experi- ence are respectively "comparative advantage" of human capital between urban residents and migrant workers. The rates of return to education in urban residents and the rates of return to experience in migrant workers are rigid, and the former is far larger than the latter, so that education is expanding income gap between urban and rural residents. For migrant workers, technology, management and other senior occupation have high education level threshold, lower occupation existing household registration threshold, due to registration discrimination. Quantile decomposition result shows that registration discrimination is in the inverted U shape feature. Reducing household wage inequality is to advance urban and rural education equalization, strengthen migrant workers' oc- cupation skill training and eliminate registration discrimination.
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