间充质干细胞由于其独特的生物学特性和临床应用潜能,一直是干细胞研究的热点.这里,我首次提出间充质干细胞系统新概念:自胚胎发育早期,经历整个生长发育全过程的不同胚层、多个发育阶段,将亚全能间充质干细胞到不同等级分化潜能间充质干/祖细胞群体统称为MSC系统.MSC系统的确立具有重要意义:(1)赋予了MSC三大重要生物学特征,即于细胞自身特性、组织微环境功能及免疫调控功能；(2)平衡机体免疫与组织代谢；(3)提供高效转化为临床安全有效的组织特异性干细胞.总之,该系统很好的解释了间充质干细胞的异质性,同时丰富了我们之前提出的亚全能干细胞理论,为研究人员更好的理解间充质干细胞提供了深厚的理论平台.%Mesenchymal stem cells have generated great interest among researchers and physicians due to their unique biological characteristics and potential clinical applications. Here, I propose for the first time the concept of a hierarchical system which is composed of all mesenchymal stem cells from post-embryonic subtotipotent stem cells to MSC progenitors. Post-embryonic subtotipotent stem cells are left-over cells during embryonic development and are on the top of the hierarchy. MSC system is a combination of cells that are derived from different stages of embryonic development, possess different differentiation potential and ultimately give rise to cells that share a similar set of phenotypic markers. The concept of MSC system has important implications : ① it entirely explains the three important biological characteristics of MSC: stem cell properties of MSC, MSC as components of tissue microenvironment and immunomodulatory functions of MSC. ②It balances immune responses and tissue metabolism. ③It could provide tissue-specific stem cells for clinical application with high efficiency and safety. In a word, this concept constitutes an important part of the biological properties of MSC and will help researchers gain better insight into MSC.
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