重庆市典型工业源颗粒物排放特征

摘要

利用稀释通道系统采集重庆市主城区典型燃煤锅炉和水泥窑炉烟道气中的颗粒物样品,并利用静电低压撞击器将其按粒径分为12级,分析了工业源颗粒物粒径谱(0.02~10 μm)特征. 结果表明,水泥窑炉排放颗粒物数浓度表现出双峰型的对数分布特征,分别出现在积聚模态(0.12 μm)以及接近粗粒子模态(1.23~1.96 μm)粒径范围处,燃煤锅炉排放颗粒物数浓度变化特征以及浓度水平都有较大的差异,主要呈积聚模态单峰型变化趋势;火电厂1燃煤锅炉排放颗粒物的数浓度和质量浓度均为最高,其峰值分别为2.2 ×106 cm-3和174.2 mg/m3;水泥窑炉PM2.5中OC、Al、Ca所占比例较高,分别为17.96%、17.32%和9.90%,燃煤锅炉PM2.5中Al、SO4 2-和OC所占比例较高,分别为9.17%、8.92%和6.15%;相对于水溶性组分和碳组分,无机元素所占比例相对较高,其对水泥窑炉和燃煤锅炉PM2.5质量浓度的贡献分别达到了44.28%和18.07%.%The particle samples from the cement kilns and coal-fired boilers in Chongqing city were collected by using a flue-gas cascade dilution sampler.The samples were then classified into 12 levels by an electric low pressure impactor ( ELPI ) , and the size distribution characteristic of particles ( 0 .02-10 μm ) from industrial sources analyzed.The results showed that the cement kiln exhibited double-peak type logarithmic distribution, with the peak respectively at the accumulation status (0.12μm) and the near-coarse particle status (1.23-1.96μm), while the particle number concentration of coal boilers source presented one single peak of accumulation status.The particle-number concentration and mass concentration of the large power plant were higher than other sources, with the peak value being 2.2 ×106 cm-3 , and 174.2 mg/m3 , respectively.The OC, Al, and Ca were relatively high in the cement kiln PM2.5 , accounting for 17.96%, 17.32%and 9.90%of PM2.5 , respectively, while Al, SO4 2-, and OC were relatively high in the coal-fired boiler PM2.5 , accounting for 9.17%, 8.92% and 6.15%, respectively.Compared with carbonaceous and water-soluble fractions, the inorganic fraction contributed more to PM2.5 in the industrial sources, responsible for 44.28%in the cement kiln sources and 18.07% in the coal-fired boilers sources.