国内外农药生态风险评价暴露模拟外壳述评

摘要

在阐明农药生态风险评价暴露模拟外壳的概念和功能的基础上,介绍了美国PE[ PRZM( pesticide root zone model)-EXAMS( exposure analysis modeling system)]系列外壳和EXPRESS( EXAMS - PRZM exposure simulation shell)系列外壳、欧盟SWASH(surface water scenarios help)外壳及中国PRAESS (pesticide risk assessment exposure simulation shell)外壳这几种已开发的农药生态风险评价暴露模拟外壳的开发目的、结构组成、输入参数、运行方式和输出结果等方面的内容,并比较分析了各暴露模拟外壳在包含模型、包含场景、模拟水体类型和主要输出结果方面的异同点,期望为我国农药生态风险评价,尤其是暴露评价研究提供有益借鉴.%Based on illustration of the concept and functions of the exposure simulation shell for pesticide eco-risk assessment , an introduction was presented to development purposes, configurations, input parameters, operation mode and output of the exposure simulation shells that are currently available for pesticide ecological risk assessment, such as PE [ PRZM(pesticide root zone model)- EXAMS(exposure analysis modeling system) ] , EXPRESS (EXAMS - PRZM exposure simulation shell) , SWASH ( surface water scenarios help) and PRAESS (pesticide risk assessment exposure simulation shell) , which were developed by the USA, EU( European Union) and China, separately. Furthermore, similarities of and differences between the shells in model, scenario, type of water body simulated and main output were analyzed, with the purpose of providing some helpful reference to the research of pesticide ecological risk assessment, especially the research of exposure assessment in China.