生物完整性指数（ index of biotic integrity， IBI）是用以度量区域生物集群维持物种组成、多样性、结构和功能稳态能力的量化指标，经过30多年的发展，已成为水生态健康定量评价的热门方法。 IBI是将具有不同敏感性的多项度量指标复合而得的一个数值，其理论基础是生态学与数学，涉及生物学和环境科学等其他多门学科。 IBI作为一种定量分析方法，其理论技术体系仍在不断发展演化，关键技术环节为参照位点选取、度量指标筛选以及指标赋权和复合，各环节的实现存在多种观点和方法。基于大量监测数据的预测模型研究是目前国际学界的研究热点，但我国学界尚未见IBI预测模型的研究报道。除了传统的F－IBI（鱼类IBI）、B－IBI（底栖动物IBI）、A－IBI （固着藻类IBI）、P－IBI（浮游生物IBI）和AP－IBI（水生植物IBI），已有学者提出M－IBI（微生物IBI），基于上述单类群IBI（ s－IBI）的研究成果，多类群IBI（ m－IBI）将成为今后重要的研究方向。 IBI的应用目的可分为水生态健康定量评价、水生态对人类干扰响应的定量分析和预测水生态健康状况。认为IBI具有定量化、对象依赖性、学科交叉性、标准化趋势和系统误差性的特点，IBI在农村河道、灌区和农田生态健康评价领域是一种极具前景的方法。%Index of biotic integrity ( IBI) is a quantitative one, often used to scale the abilities of aquatic biocoenoses to maintain species composition, diversity, structure and function stability. IBI has been gradually developing in the past 30 years and now into one of the most important indices to quantitatively assess aquatic ecological health. IBI is a numerical value, which is acquired by integrating a number of measuring indices different in sensitivity, and relies on ecology and mathematics as its theoretical foundation, and some other disciplines, too, like biology, environmental science, etc.. IBI being a quantitative analysis method, its theoretical and technical system keeps on developing and evolving and its key technical links lie in selecting reference sites, screening measuring indices, empowering and recombining the indices, for materialization of these links exists a variety of ideas and methods. Research on prediction models based on large volumes of monitoring data is a hot spot topic in the current international academia. However, little has been reported about the IBI prediction models in China. In addition to the traditional F⁃IBI (fish⁃based IBI), B⁃IBI (benthod⁃based IBI), A⁃IBI ( sessile algae⁃based IBI) , P⁃IBI ( plankton⁃based IBI) and AP⁃IBI ( aquatic plant⁃based IBI) , some scholars have put forth M⁃IBI ( microbe⁃based IBI) . Based on the above⁃listed findings in the study on s⁃IBI ( single group⁃based IBI) , the study on m⁃IBI ( multi⁃group⁃based IBI) will be an important target of future researches. The purposes of applying IBI can be described as quantitative analysis of water ecological health, quantitative analysis of responses of water ecology to human disturbances, and prediction of water ecological health. The authors hold that IBI can be characterized by quantita⁃tiveness, object dependence, interdisciplinarity, standardizing trend and systematic deviation, and that IBI is a promising method for ecological health assessment of rural rivers, irrigation districts and farmlands.
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