区域减压增效生态调控修复模式研究

摘要

In recent years,the eco-environmental situations in the country are getting severer,with the degradation of ecosystem functions posing a prominent problem,which is threatening ecological security and restraining economic and social development of relevant regions to a certain degree.Therefore,ecological restoration has become an issue attracting high attention.However,the current restoration pays too much attention to revegetation rather than function,to means rather than effects,and to parts rather than whole regions in processes.In view of the problems,the following concept and connotation of regional ecological regulation and restoration centered on “Decreasing Pressures on Environmental Resources and Increasing Efficiency of Ecosystem Functions” are put forward.The restoration of regional ecosystems should combine ecological projects with eco-societal regulation,instead of depending on ecological projects as its means;focus on largescaled regions exposed to potential pressure,not just on local areas suffering severe ecological problems or damage;adopt a variety of means to reduce overall ecosystem pressure,improve regional ecological functions,and aim at ecological,economic and social benefits holistically,rather than satisfaction with revegetation.On such a basis,framework of approaches of regional ecological regulation and restoration was built up,and a technical flowchart plotted,encompassing the following five technical processes,i.e.problem recognition,diagnostic analysis,model construction,efficiency analysis and demonstration application,in an attempt to realize regionalization,perpetuation and benefit-maximization of ecological restoration.%近年来,生态环境形势严峻,生态系统功能退化问题突出,已经威胁到区域生态安全,并在一定程度上制约经济社会可持续发展.为此,生态修复受到高度重视,但目前生态修复过程中存在重植被、轻功能,重手段、轻效益,重局部、轻区域的特点.鉴于此,基于当前生态修复存在的主要问题,以缓解资源环境压力、提升生态系统功能为核心,提出区域生态修复手段不应仅依靠生态工程,而应采用工程与经济社会调控相结合的手段;生态修复的重点不应只局限于解决眼前生态问题及遭受破坏的区域,而应着眼于受到潜在压力的更大范围区域;生态修复的目的不应只满足于植被的恢复,而应采取多种措施全面减轻生态系统压力,提升区域生态功能,兼顾生态、经济和社会效益.在此基础上,构建了区域减压增效生态调控修复框架模型,提出应从问题识别、诊断分析、模式构建、效益分析和示范应用5个方面建立区域生态调控修复技术流程,以期实现生态修复的区域化、永久化和最大效益化.