轨道交通列车不同运行速度下噪声特性对比研究

摘要

Based on the test and analysis of the rail traffic noise produced by the vehicles running on the testing line in Tongji University, this paper studies noise levels of rail traffic vehicles in different conditions, and the noise intensity and spectrum characteristics are recorded accordingly. The results indicate that the noise value at each monitoring point increases instantly as the velocity of the vehicle climbs up when the speed is below 47km/h, and it almost tends to be a linear increase, specifically, in spite of the four different conditions of vehicle speed, the noise value increases unanimously as the distance between the monitoring point and the noise producer decreases and the height increases, and vice versa. At different speeds, all the peak frequencies from each monitoring point are around 800 Hz while the main range of the noise energy varies regularly as the vehicle speed changes, that is, the main range of the noise energy approaches 800 Hz gradually with the increasing speed of the vehicle. The re-sults may provide the statistical and scientific basis for the measures of controlling the rail traffic noise and its pre-diction.%为了研究轨道交通列车不同运行速度状态下的噪声水平，利用同济大学轨道交通综合试验线对轨道交通列车运行时辐射噪声进行测试与分析，得出各监测点在不同运行速度下的噪声强度和频谱特性。结果表明：在车速小于47 km·h-1范围内，随着列车速度的增加，各监测点噪声值不断增大，基本呈线性增长；在4种不同车速工况下，距离噪声源越近，高度越高，噪声值越大；相反，距离噪声源越远，高度越低，噪声值越小。在不同运行速度下，各测点的主峰频率都在800 Hz左右，而噪声能量的主要分布范围随车速的提高而有规律地变化，随着行驶速度的提高，噪声能量的主要分布范围逐渐向800 Hz主峰频率趋近。研究结果可为轨道交通噪声措施的制定及噪声预测提供数据基础与科学依据。