我国地方鹅品种资源遗传多样性保护等级分析

摘要

The objective of this study was to analyze conservation priorities of genetic diversity in Chi‐nese indigenous geese breeds ,and to provide a theoretical basis for better indigenous geese conservation programs .The DA genetic distances ,gene flows ,number of alleles ,heterozygosity and polymorphism were measured by twenty‐five microsatellite markers .Two conservation strategies ,Weitzman method and Caballero method ,w ere used to assess the conservation priorities of forteen Chinese indigenous geese breeds .The results showed the average alleles on the loci were 8 .12 ,and the mean PIC was 0 .581 .The average observed heterozygosity of the forteen populations were 0 .6808 ,YE and BZ breeds had the least and the highest value ,respectively .FC had the shortest mean distance with ZD ,and the farthest mean dis‐tance was between TH and YK breeds .The Weitzman method suggested that the most important breeds to be preserved were YK ,LX ,T H ,BZ and YE ,revealing the contribution rate to extant diversity of more than ten percent .The priority order of Caballero method had some difference from that of Weitzman ,it sugges‐ted T H ,YK ,BZ ,LX and MB had higher conservation priority .The reason was that the Weitzman method did not take into account the within‐population genetic diversity .In the analysis of ,conservation levels ,in‐ter‐populations genetic diversity and genetic diversity within populations ,should be given full consideration to .%研究旨在分析我国地方鹅品种资源遗传多样性保护等级，为更好地制定我国地方鹅品种资源保护方案提供理论依据。采用25个微卫星标记计算我国14个地方鹅品种（太湖鹅T H、永康灰鹅YK、百子鹅BZ、酃县白鹅LX、闽北白鹅MB、长乐鹅CL、兴国灰鹅XG、豁眼鹅HY、雁鹅YE、浙东白鹅ZD、广丰白翎鹅GF、丰城灰鹅FC、莲花白鹅LH、皖西白鹅WX）间DA遗传距离、基因流（Nm）、有效等位基因数（Ne）、杂合度（Ho）和多态信息含量（PIC），并采用Weitzman和Caballero两种遗传多样性保护理论，分析了各品种在遗传多样性最大化保护中的相对重要性。25个微卫星座位平均有效等位基因数为8．12，平均多态信息含量为0．581。14个地方鹅种的平均观察杂合度为0．6808，雁鹅观察杂合度最低（0．5662），百子鹅观察杂合度最高（0．7748）；丰城灰鹅与浙东白鹅之间的遗传距离最小（0．2188），太湖鹅与永康灰鹅之间的遗传距离最大（0．7388）。Weitzman保护理论分析结果表明永康灰鹅、酃县白鹅、太湖鹅、百子鹅和雁鹅的品种贡献率较高（＞10．0％），Caballero保护理论分析认为太湖鹅、永康灰鹅、百子鹅、酃县白鹅和闽北白鹅具有较高的贡献率（＞0．5％），与Weitzman保护理论确定的等级顺序存在一定差异，主要原因是Weitzman保护理论没有考虑到品种内遗传多样性。我国地方鹅品种资源不仅具有丰富的品种间遗传多样性，品种内遗传多样性也较为丰富，在分析保护等级时，应两者兼顾。