《旧制度与大革命》中重要思想的梳理与思考

摘要

王岐山推荐了《旧制度与大革命》之后，学术界掀起了研究托克维尔思想的热潮。通过对旧制度与大革命两个相关的概念的界定，把握二者的关系，可以更好地理解革命前法国中央集权下人与人之间彼此相似而又相互分离的社会状况，进而归纳革命后重归集权专制道路的两个重要因素———民众的奴性和革命性。对此，托克维尔认为自由才是出路。%Wang Qi-shan recommended French historian Tocqueville ' s book "The Old Regime and the French Revolution". Since then, the academic circles have paid much attention to Tocqueville ' s works and thoughts. Based on this book, the article clearly defines two concepts first and describes the relationship between them. Then, it analyzes the social situation in France before the revolution, where people were similar to each other and also separated from each other. On this basis, it summarizes two important factors--national servility and revolutionary character that made French people return to the authoritarian road after the revolution. In this regard, Tocqueville thought that freedom was the way out.