议会立法与工业化时期英国铁路交通的发展

摘要

The early development of British railway effectively promoted British industrialization and the overall progress of British society .The British government generally adopted a positive attitude towards its early rail-way construction ,and it supported ,regulated and enhanced railway construction through parliamentary legisla-tion while sticking to laissez-faire policy .The main contributions towards promoting railway transportation of the industrialization period by parliamentary legislation are :the parliament offered railway construction right to private companies ,enabling them to break the limits of the old property rights system to gain land use right and the right to lay tracks and relevant facilities ;the parliament promoted the integration of early railway systems and formed the main framework of the national railway network ,and the parliament promoted operation and management of the early railway .It is under a certain degree of the control and coordination of the government that Britain built its early railway transportation system which met its social-economic development needs .%英国早期铁路的发展有力地推动了英国的工业化进程和英国社会的整体进步。英国政府对其早期铁路建设总体上采取了积极的态度，在坚持自由放任政策的同时，以议会立法来支持、规范和推动铁路的建设发展。议会立法对工业化时期铁路交通的推动主要表现在：赋予私人铁路公司筑路权，使铁路公司突破旧有产权制度限制获得土地使用权，同时获得铺设铁轨及配置相关设施的权利；推动早期铁路系统的整合，形成了全国性铁路网的主要框架；促进了早期铁路的经营和管理。正是在政府一定程度的控制和协调下，英国建成了适应其经济社会发展需要的早期铁路交通系统。