城市交通紧急疏散路径优化

摘要

提出了两种不同疏散路径选择策略,即用户最优疏散策略(UE)和系统最优疏散策略(SO).前者依照个人最优路径,疏散车辆可以自由移动到另一条疏散路径使得相应疏散时间最短,后者通过疏散者之间相互协作或接受统一管理使得系统范围内出行总成本最小.通过对两者的比较研究,确立了疏散路径优化方案.以总疏散时间和疏散距离最小化为目标构建系统最优疏散目标方程,并给出算法步骤.首先用k最短路算法给出一系列疏散路径,再用嵌入式M/G/c/c相互独立排队模型评价各条道路出行时间.最后采用MGCC仿真软件对疏散路径选择方案在路网清空时间、出行距离、拥堵水平等方面表现加以评价.仿真实验结果表明,在高密度疏散交通量情况下,采用系统最优疏散策略可以大幅节省路网清空时间,降低路网阻塞发生的概率.这对增强疏散决策的科学性,提高城市交通应对突发事件疏散能力有重要意义.%Two different kinds evacuation route selection policies are presented , I. E. The user optimal evacuation policy and the optimal evacuation policy. The two modes and optimize evacuation routing planning are compared, the evacuation objective formulation is established based on total evacuation time and evacuation distance optimization, and the algorithm steps are given . First, a set of feasible and potential egress routes is defined with the shortest path algorithm, and embedded M/G/c/c state dependent queuing model is used to evaluate the travel time along road links. Finally, MGCC Simul software is used to evaluate performance measures of the evacuation plan such as clearance time, travel distance and blocking probabilities. Simulation results show that the strategy of the system optimal evacuation plaqnning is efficient.