Beijing Key Laboratory of Security and Privacy in Intelligent Transportation;
Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044;
China;
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Trusted Software;
Guilin University of Electronic Technology;
Guilin 541004;
China;
Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences;
University of California;
Irvine 92697;
U.S.A.;
Centre for Cyber Security Research and Innovation;
Deakin University;
Geelong;
VIC 3216;
Australia;
robustness assessment; skewness; sparseness; asynchronous advantage actor-critic; reinforcement learning;