能量均衡的低功耗有损网络路由协议

摘要

针对目前低功耗有损网络路由协议(RPL)中存在节点能耗不均衡、网络生存时间短以及网络后期父节点状态信息更新不及时的问题,提出一种带有电量估算策略的能量均衡RPL(EB-RPL).首先,构造了一种复合期望传输次数和节点剩余能量的路由度量,通过机制设计使节点在不同时期能自适应地调整网络拓扑;然后,设计了一种基于能量消耗速率的父节点电量估算策略,在不增加额外控制包开销的同时,子节点可以计算父节点电量,作出正确的路由决策;最后,通过实验对比分析了EB-RPL的性能.仿真结果显示,与RPL相比,EB-RPL显著降低了同级节点间功率标准差,并且在不同发包频率和网络规模中,分别平均延长了29.4％和39.4％的平均网络生存时间.EB-RPL能够有效实现能量均衡、显著延长网络生存时间.%To deal with the problems of unbalanced energy consumption of nodes,short network lifetime and tardy update of parent nodes' status information during steady state in the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-power and lossy network (RPL),an Energy Balancing RPL (EB-RPL) with battery estimation strategy was proposed.Firstly,a new routing metric combing expected transmission count and node residual energy was presented,with which nodes can adaptively adjust the network topology at different stages.Secondly,a battery estimation method based on energy consumption rate of the parent node was designed,thus the child nodes can calculate the power consumption of the parent node and make the correct routing decision without increasing the additional overhead of control messages.Finally,the performance of EB-RPL was compared and analyzed through experiments.The simulation results show that compared with RPL,EB-RPL can significantly reduce the standard deviation of power between nodes at the same level,and the average network lifetime is respectively prolonged by 29.4％ and 39.4％ on average with different interpacket intervals and network sizes.EB-RPL can effectively achieve energy balance and significantly extend network lifetime.