孕早期超声测量胎儿颈项透明层厚度在产前诊断中的应用价值

摘要

Objective To investigate the application value of measurements of fetal nuchal translucency(NT) thickness in early pregnancy by ultrasound.Methods A total of 2850 pregnant women with single embryo received first trimester screening with ultrasound in our hospital were enrolled. The fetal crown-rump length,NT thickness,nasal bone and blood flow spectrum of venous catheter were measured. The pregnant women with NT incrassation(NT≥2.5 mm) during early pregnancy were given advanced ultrasonic inspection.The relationship between NT thickness and abnormal pregnancy were analyzed.Results The abnormal pregnancy rate of NT thickness <2.5 mm,including fetal chromosomal abnormalities,malformations,cystic lymphangioma and embryo damage was 0.89%,which was lower than the abnormal pregnancy rate of NT thickness ≥2.5 mm (77.2%),there was significant difference(P<0.05).Thirteen cases of fetal chromosome abnormalities and 21 cases of normal example were detected in 44 patients whose NT thickness ≥2.5 mm. The incidence of abnormal pregnancy was positively correlated with the increases of NT thickness(r=0.734,P<0.05).Conclusion The increases of NT thickness in early pregnancy is correlated with abnormal pregnancy such as fetal chromosomal abnormalities,structural abnormalities,therefore,NT thickness can be a prenatal routine item for ultrasound screening.%目的：探讨孕早期应用超声测量胎儿颈项透明层（NT）厚度在产前诊断中的应用价值。方法选取我院接受孕早期胎儿系统性产前超声筛查的单胎胎儿2850例，分别测量其头臀径、NT 厚度、鼻骨及静脉导管血流频谱等，对孕早期 NT 增厚（≥2.5 mm）的孕妇于中晚期复查超声，分析 NT 厚度与异常妊娠的关系。结果孕早期超声检查发现 NT厚度<2.5 mm 胎儿染色体异常、结构畸形、水囊状淋巴管瘤及胚胎停止发育等异常妊娠的发生率为0.89%，较 NT 厚度≥2.5 mm 胎儿异常妊娠发生率（77.20%）低，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；44例 NT 厚度≥2.5 mm 胎儿检出染色体核型异常13例，正常21例；NT 厚度的增加与异常妊娠的发生率呈正相关（r=0.734，P<0.05）。结论孕早期胎儿 NT 增厚与胎儿染色体异常及结构畸形等异常妊娠的发生具有相关性，可作为胎儿产前超声筛查的常规项目。