Objective To investigate the detection situation in family close contacts exposed to patients with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods Among 771 close contacts,children less 15years old received tuberculin skin test(TST), and X-ray was carried out for children whose TST was no less than 20 mm or less than 20 mm with blister,and for people aged no less than 15 years old sputum smear and culture were carried out for patients with suspected X-ray shadow. Results Of close contacts exposed to patients with smear positive in family, the detection rate of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and with smear positive were 3.8％ and 0. 8％ respectively. The detection rate was high in close contacts exposed to patients with pulmonary cavity and high bacterial load in family. The detection rate in group of contacts aged 60 years older was also higher than those age ranged from 15 to 60 years old significantly ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions It is helpful to increase TB case detection rate via X-ray screening in close contacts exposed to family patients with smear positive. it may be an effective way to find new case of pulmonary tuberculosis.%目的 了解涂阳肺结核病人家庭密切接触者中活动性肺结核检出情况.方法 接受检查的家庭密切接触者771人,年龄＜15岁儿童进行结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物实验,对结核菌素强阳性反应(硬结≥20 mm或局部伴有水泡等)的儿童,和≥15岁人群均拍摄X线胸片,对X线胸片提示肺部有异常阴影者进行痰涂片和痰培养检查.结果 涂阳肺结核病人家庭密切接触者中活动性肺结核病人检出率为3.8%,涂阳肺结核检出率为0.8%.肺部病灶有空洞和排菌量大的病人其家庭密切接触者活动性肺结核检出率高.家庭密切接触者中年龄＞60岁组其活动性肺结核检出率高于其他组,经统计学处理,与15～60岁组比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 对涂阳肺结核病人家庭密切接触者摄X线胸片筛查,有助于提高肺结核病人发现率,是发现肺结核病例的一种有效手段.
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