Pulmonary function tests (PFT) in childhood are very important in both research and clinical practice. Major techniques and methods of PFT include tidal breathing pattern, airway resistance, body plethsmography and rapid thoraeoabdominal compression. Tidal breathing, as the most frequently used test, its most important parameters are TPTEF/TE (time to peak expiratory flow versus the time of expiratory) and VPEF/VE (volume to peak expiratory flow versus the volume of expiratory) that reflect the obstruction degree and clinical conditions. Bronchial challenge (BC) tests (or broncho-provocation tests, BPT), as an assistant diagnosis tool of asthma, typically is performed in adults and children older than 7 years in which FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) (or peak expiratory flow, PEF) is the parameter related to diagnosis. In recent 15 years, based on mechanism of IOS (impulse oscillation system) the new bronchial provocation test has been developed to measure the changes of airway resistance during tidal breathing in which Dmin (dose minimal) is recorded as a judge index. This technique can be adapted to children elder than 4 years old to expand its use and facilitate clinical diagnosis of asthma.%儿童时期的肺功能测定对于临床及科研均非常重要. 婴幼儿肺功能检测包括潮气呼吸、阻断、体描以及快速胸腹腔挤压.其中最常用的是潮气呼吸肺功能检测,其主要参数为达峰时间比(TPTEF/TE)、达峰容积比(VPEF/VE),是反映气道阻塞的2个非常重要的参数.支气管激发试验可以协助哮喘的诊断,判断治疗的效果.经典的是6岁以上儿童和成人做的以1秒量FEV1(也可以用呼气峰流速PEF)为判断指标的支气管激发试验.近15年来,出现了以脉冲振荡原理监测平静呼吸时吸入支气管激发剂时气道阻力的变化,以最小激发累积剂量( Dmin)为判断指标的激发试验方法.此方法可应用于4岁以上的儿童,明显扩大了检测范围,为临床提供了更为便捷的手段.
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