目的了解苏州地区儿童感染流感嗜血杆菌（Haemophilusinlfuenzae，Hi）的耐药变迁及特点。方法对2011年1月至2012年6月临床分离的1222株Hi，用K-B法进行药敏试验，头孢硝噻吩显色法进行β内酰胺酶测定，根据结果分为4种耐药模式：①β内酰胺酶阳性菌（头孢呋新耐药株除外）；②β内酰胺酶阴性氨苄西林耐药菌（BLNAR）；③头孢呋新耐药菌；④其他耐药菌。结果本地区儿童感染Hi对氨苄西林、复方新诺明、头孢克洛、四环素、氯霉素、阿奇霉素、头孢呋新、氨苄西林/舒巴坦的耐药率分别为32.7%、76.7%、27.4%、14.3%、10.2%、8.4%、6.9%、4.3%。其中①~④组耐药模式的检出率分别为29.0%、2.6%、6.9%、41.2%。多重耐药菌主要分布在①和②组，分别占该组的67.5%和81.3%。阿奇霉素、四环素、氯霉素对BLNAR和头孢呋新耐药的Hi具有较高的抗菌活性。β内酰胺酶的总检出率为30.8%。头孢呋新、头孢克洛、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、复方新诺明的耐药率在β内酰胺酶阳性的氨苄西林耐药菌和β内酰胺酶阴性的氨苄西林耐药菌中有显著差别。结论%Objectives To investigate the changes and features of drug resistance in Haemophilus inlfuenzae (Hi) isolated from children with infection diseases in Suzhou. Methods One thousand two hundred and twenty-two Hi strains isolated from clinical specimens were collected from January 2011 to June 2012. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by Kirby-Bauer me-thod, andβ-lactamase was analyzed by chromogenic nitroceifn method. Then strains were divided into four groups according to their speciifc resistance patterns:①β-lactamase positive strains (except for cefuroxime-resistant strains),②β-lactamase negative ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) strains,③cefuroxime-resistant strains, and④other resistant strains. Results The resistance of iso-lated Hi from children in Suzhou area to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, cefaclor, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, azithromycin, cefu-roxime, ampicillin/sulbactam was 32.7%, 76.7%, 27.4%, 14.3%, 10.2%, 8.4%, 6.9%and 4.3%, respectively, and the detection rate in four groups was 29.0%, 2.6%, 6.9%, 41.2%, respectively. Multi-resistant strains were mainly distributed in Group①and Group②, accounting for 67.5%and 81.3%of each group. Azithromycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol showed high antimicrobial activity against BLNAR and cefuroxime-resistant Hi strains. The positive rate of resistance toβ-lactamase was 30.8%. The rates of resistance to cefuroxime, cefaclor, ampicillin/sulbactam and cotrimoxazole inβ-lactamase-positive ampicillin-resistant strains are signiifcantly different from those inβ-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant strains. Conclusions The resistance feature of Hi isolated from children in Suzhou shows signiifcant changes, including new appearance of cefuroxime-resistant strain, a rapid increase in resistance to azithromycin, and a large proportion of multidrug-resistant strains. The rapid increase in BLNAR and the emergence of cefuroxime-resistant strains have become the new resistance pattern of Hi in this area.
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