目的：探讨纤维支气管镜在婴儿难治性持续性喘息病因诊断及治疗中的作用。方法回顾性收集2012年6月至2013年12月住院治疗的52例难治性持续性喘息婴儿的临床及纤维支气管镜检查资料。结果52例患儿均有气管支气管内膜炎，单纯炎症15例(28.85%)，气管狭窄3例(5.77%)，气管支气管软化18例(34.62%)，气管异物2例(1.92%，其中1例同时有支气管软化)，黏液栓堵塞10例(19.23%)；先天性气道畸形5例(9.62%)。支气管肺泡灌洗液培养阳性5例(9.62%)，分别为大肠埃希菌2例，流感嗜血杆菌2例，鲍曼不动杆菌1例。肺部螺旋CT示磨玻璃样改变40例(76.92%)；马赛克灌注征4例(7.69%)；节段性肺实变伴阻塞性肺气肿或肺不张8例(15.38%)。52例患儿除2例先天性肺动脉吊带及1例双主动脉弓患儿需手术治疗，其余经取出异物、灌洗、抗炎治疗后均取得良好疗效。纤维支气管镜检查中仅1例术中出现不良反应。结论婴儿难治性持续性喘息往往由感染、先天性气道发育畸形、内生性及外源性异物及心血管发育畸形等多病因引起。纤维支气管镜检查有助于明确病因及治疗。%Objective To investigate the roles of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in diagnosis and treatment for infants with refractory and persistent wheezing. Methods From Jun. 2012 to Dec. 2013, 52 hospitalized children with age between four 4 months and 1 year old were recruited for ifberoptic bronchoscopy, who had been wheezing for at least four weeks and treated ineffectively with conventional anti-inlfammatory agents:budesonide and compound ipratropium bromide solution. Then, the pathogenesis of refractory and persistent wheezing was summarized based on clinical features, detection of CT imaging of three-dimensional airway reconstruction and cardiac CT, results of bronchoscopy inspection, and bronchoalveolar lavage lfuid culture. Results Among the 52 cases, 40 were with ground glass-like changes (76.92%) in pulmonary spiral CT testing, 4 with mosaic perfusion syndrome (7.69%), 8 with segmental pulmonary consolidation (15.38%), 8 with obstructive pulmonary emphysema (15.38%), and 1 with left primary bronchial foreign body. In addition, through bronchofibroscopy, there were 52 cases with imlfammation (100%),3 with tracheal stenosis (5.77%), 3 with left and/or right main bronchus stenosis of the external pressure, 18 with bronchomalacia(34.62%), 2 cases with foreign body (3.84%), one in trachea (1.92%), the other in left main bronchus (1.92%), 10 with bronchial mucus plug (19.23%), and 8 (15.38%) with congenital airway malformations (including 3 at tracheal bronchus, 1 at left upper lobe bronchial stenosis and 1 at bronchial Bridge). The culture of bronchoalveolar lavage lfuid were conducted for all patients. The positive rate of bronchoalveolar lavage lfuid was 9.62%(5/52 cases), including 2 cases with tip Escherichia coli, 2 with Haemophilus inlfuenzae, and 1 with Acinetobacter baumannii. Conclusions First, infection is the primary cause of refractory and persistent wheezing, which is persistent in airway resulted from multi-drug resistant bacteriua. Second, refractory and persistent wheezing is often caused by multi-factors including infection, congenital airway malformations, the endogenous and exogenous foreign body, cardiovascular malformation, etc. These factors often lead to dififcult wheezing control. The last, the diagnosis rate of the refractory and persistent wheezing can be improved by combination of ifberoptic bronchoscopy and lung spiral CT.
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