个体化健康教育对学龄期哮喘患儿自我管理能力和生命质量的影响

摘要

Objective To explore the influence of individualized health education on selfmanagement ability and quality of life in school-age children with asthma.Methods 84 children with bronchial asthma were randomly divided into intervention group and control group,42 cases in each group.The control group was conducted with conventional education of asthma knowledge,while the intervention group was conducted with individualized health education.The duration was 6 months in both groups.Before and after the education,the questionnaire surveys about selfmanagement ability (self-management scale) and quality of life [pediatric asthma quality of life questionnaire (PAQLQ)] were applied for asthma children,and the scores of the surveys were compared between two groups.In addition,frequency of moderate and severe asthma,number of emergency treatment and mean hospital stay within one year were recorded and compared between two groups.Results After education,the scores of self-management ability increased significantly in the intervention group (P ＜ 0.05),and the scores of self-management ability in the intervention group were significantly higher than that in the control group; the scores of PAQLQ in the intervention group were significantly higher than that in the control group(P ＜ 0.05) ; the frequency of moderate and severe asthma and number of emergency treatment in the intervention group within one year were less than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05),and the mean hospital stay was significantly shorter than that in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Individualized health education can significantly reinforce the self-management ability and improve quality of life in asthma children,so it is suitable for clinical application.%目的 分析个体化健康教育对学龄期哮喘患儿自我管理能力和生命质量的影响,探讨适合学龄期哮喘患儿的健康教育模式.方法 将支气管哮喘患儿84例随机均分为对照组和干预组,分别实施常规哮喘知识教育和个体化健康教育6个月,在教育前和教育后分别进行哮喘儿童自我管理量表和儿科哮喘生命质量调查(PAQLQ)问卷调查,比较哮喘儿童自我管理量表和PAQLQ评分,并了解患儿教育后1年内中重度急性发作次数、急诊次数和平均住院天数.结果 干预组教育后自我管理能力各维度评分显著高于教育前(P＜0.05),且教育后干预组自我管理能力各维度评分显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);干预后干预组PAQLQ各维度评分显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);干预组患儿1年内中重度发作次数和急诊次数均显著少于对照组(P＜0.05),住院天数明显短于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 个体化健康教育能明显增强患儿自我管理能力,改善哮喘生命质量,适合在临床广泛开展.