Autoantibodies are very important for diagnosing autoimmune liver diseases. AMA and its M2 subtype antibody are one of the three diagnosis criteria for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). AMA is the early marker for the diagnosis but no correlation with prognosis and treatment. ANA may present special fluorescent pattern in patients with PBC, anti-sp100/anti-gp210 have high specificity to PBC.Most patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) are only found non-specific autoantibodies, ANA or SMA are also positive in other liver diseases. AIH are divided into two types, anti-SLA shows high specificity for AIH and severe disease. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIF), ELISA and immunoblotting are three major assays for autoantibody detection. ANA test procedure should be: samples are tested firstly by IIF, then if necessary, detected specific ANA profile further by ELISA or immunoblotting assay, quantitatively or semiquantitatively, external quality assessment is one of important quality control measures.%自身抗体对自身免疫性肝病的诊断非常重要.抗线粒体抗体(AMA)及AMA-M2抗体是原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)的诊断指标之一,具早期诊断作用,但与疗效和预后无相关性.PBC患者抗核抗体(ANA)有一定荧光模式,抗sp100和抗gp210对PBC有很高特异性.大部分自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)所出现的自身抗体缺乏疾病特异性,ANA和抗平滑肌抗体也可见于其他多种肝病.参照自身抗体将AIH分为两型,抗-SLA对AIH有极高特异性,阳性者病情多较重.自身抗体主要检测方法 为间接免疫荧光法(IIF)、ELISA和免疫印迹法.ANA标准检测程序应为:IIF法对标本筛查,而后对必要者进行特异性ANA谱定量或半定量检测.自身抗体的室间质量评价是质量控制措施之一.
展开▼
