Objective To investigate the sensitivity and specificity of pulmonary fungal infection in patients with increased sputum smear microscopy find fungus. Methods According to the result of fungal smear microscopy,these patients were divided into positive group and nega-tive group. The disease diagnosis and treatment in patients with sputum smear in the process of looking for the number of fungi were analyzed and compared. Results The gender composition comparison ratio and average age difference of two groups patients has no statistical significance( P> 0. 05). The fungi number(10. 32 ± 7. 37)with positive sputum smear microscopy group during the hospital clinical sputum smear finding is significantly higher than negative group(3. 29 ± 2. 26),with significant difference( P 0.05），痰涂片镜检阳性组在院诊疗期间痰涂片找真菌次数（10.32±7.37次）明显高于阴性组（3.29±2.26次），差异有显著性（ P <0.05）。通过 ROC 曲线，痰涂片镜检找真菌3.5次时涂片镜检灵敏度为87.7%，特异性为72.1%。结论当高危患者诊疗期间反复查痰涂片镜检找真菌平均在3.5次时，具有较高的特异性，灵敏度也具有一定的临床意义，且此种方法简单易行，易于在临床上推广，进而有效地提高临床上深部真菌感染的早期诊断效率。
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