强奸犯罪之主观方面比较研究--兼论我国强奸罪主观方面的修正

摘要

Seeing from the legislation or doctrine of rape crime ’s subjective aspects between two important legal systems of the main typical countries,there are differences in standards emphasizing different subjective aspects,both have some defects.Compared to continental legal system countries, common law countries have deeper insights on the subjective aspects of rape crime,and their understanding of the perpetrator’s “levity”mental attitude is relatively rich.Chinese definition of common views to the subjective sin of rape crime is not comprehensive,and does not meet the normal cognition of the perpetrator,so it needs to be revised;it violates the principle of fairness and justice to presume a rape act implemented in negligence or under the domination of indirect intentional mentality as a directly intentionally act.In China,the subjective aspect of rape should be revised as follows:direct intention,indirect intention and overconfident negligence can constitute rape crimes;intention and negligence can constitute a statutory rape crime.%从两大法系主要典型国家对强奸犯罪主观方面的立法规定或理论学说来看，两者在认定主观方面的标准侧重点不同，其认定标准都存在一定缺陷；相比于大陆法系国家，英美法系国家对强奸罪主观方面的研究更加深入，对行为人“轻率”的心理态度的理解较富特色。我国对强奸罪主观罪过通说的界定不够全面，不符合行为人的正常认知，需要进行修正；将行为人在过失或间接故意心态支配下实施的奸淫行为一律推定为直接故意，违反公平正义原则。我国强奸罪主观方面应当修正为：直接故意、间接故意，以及过于自信的过失可以构成强奸妇女型犯罪；故意和过失皆可构成奸淫幼女型犯罪。