鲁迅“抗俗”式审美批判与现代中国文学自治

摘要

In the modern trend of thought of autonomy in Chinese Literary self-discipline,Lu Xun was a special exist-ence.Aesthetics spirit in German Aesthetics and the color of Modernity attracted Chinese intellectuals’attention,which was represented by Lu Xun,and accessed to the tradition of modern Chinese literature.Lu Xun focused on the perspec-tive of social criticism,highlighting the critical strength and independent spirit,thinking of the transcendental of“Anti-folk”as the literary and aesthetic features of the culture.This is not only to make the literature depend on political and religious released from their own concept of ethics,the full release of human nature and personality,and also the trans-formation of national spirit of modernity.Lu Xun’s ideal of“aesthetic criticism”and the“aesthetic independence”com-plement each other that promote Chinese early modern ideas of literary self-discipline.%在现代中国文学自治思潮与“纯文学”观念的建构中，鲁迅是一个特别的存在。德国美学思想中的审美精神和现代性色彩吸引了以鲁迅为代表的中国知识界的注目，并进入中国文学的现代传统。鲁迅正是从其社会批判的角度出发，突出了文学独立的批判力量和主体性精神，把“抗俗”的超越性视为文学和审美的文化功能。这不仅把文学自身从依附于政教伦理的观念中释放出来，把完全的人性和个性释放出来，更是对民族精神的现代性改造。鲁迅的“审美批判”理想与“审美独立”相生互补，共同推动了现代中国早期的文学自治思潮。