松花江流域典型鱼类的游泳能力比较实验研究

摘要

By using self-made experiment apparatus and the method of increasing velocity,step-by-step,this paper studies the swimming capability of Basilewsky (Parabramis pekinensis ),Northem sheatfish (Silurus soldatovi)and Topmouth culter(Erythroculterilishaeformis)from Songhua River.The results show as fol-lows.The critical swimming speed and the burst swimming speed of the three kinds of fish are in the follow-ing order:Topmouth culter>Basilewsky>Northem sheatfish.The absolute critical swimming speed increases with the increase of body length;while the relative critical swimming speed declines with the increase of body length.Burst swimming speed increases with the increase of body length;and the relation is approximately linear;but the relative burst swimming speed declines with the increase of body length.The study results provide better information for effective fishway design and the study of fish swimming capability.%利用自制的鱼类游泳实验装置,采用递增流速法,研究了松花江流域的长春鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)、怀头鲇(Silurus soldatovi)、翘嘴鲌(Erythroculter ilishaeformis)3种鱼类的游泳能力。结果表明：3种鱼类的临界游速和突进游速大小排序均为翘嘴鲌>长春鳊>怀头鲇,3种鱼类的临界游速随体长的增大而增加,而相对临界游速随体长的增大而减小；3种鱼类的突进游速随体长的增加而呈近似线性递增趋势,而相对突进游速随体长的增大而减小。研究成果为鱼类游泳能力的研究提供了基础资料,同时为过鱼设施的设计提供参考,对鱼类的保护具有指导意义。