对高速列车在不同运行速度下司机室、客室的内部噪声分别进行了现场测试.使用线性声压级、A声级和特征响度分析了速度为330km/h时车内噪声的频谱特性,确定其显著频率范围.基于心理声学声品质参量即响度、尖锐度、粗糙度和抖动强度,对车内噪声进行声品质客观评价.研究结果表明,使用特征响度分析车内噪声能更准确地反映引起人耳响度感觉变化的频率成分.随着速度不断提高,各测点位置的响度不断增大,尤其是头车的司机室,这可能与头车受到更显著的气动作用有关.通过车内声品质响度分析和评价,发现车内噪声环境需要进一步改进以满足人类听觉舒适性的要求,特别是司机室和客室心盘位置,应对其采取相应减振降噪措施.%The noises in the driver's cab and the carriage of a high-speed train are measured respectively at different speeds on site.By using the linear sound pressure level, A-weighted sound pressure level and specific loudness, the spectrum characteristics of the measured interior noises at 330km/h are analyred and the dominant frequency ranges are identified.Objective evaluation of the measured interior noises are carried out in respect of the sound quality of loudness, sharpness, roughness and fluctuation strength based on the psycho-acoustical theory.The research results indicate as follows:Analysis of the specific loudness accurately characterizes the frequency components which induce changes in loudness to the feeling of human ears;The loudness of interior noises at all measure points enhances coutinuously with increasing of the train speed, especially in the cab, the front car of the train, Which is under intensified aerodynamic effect; Loudness assessment tells that the interior acoustic environment of the high speed train needs to be further improved to satisfy the requirements of passengers for acoustic comfort, especially in the cab and at the position of the centre plates of the carriage where appropriate measures should be taken to reduce vibration and noises.
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