基于ANSYS/DYNA软件的高速车轮通过道岔的轮轨动力研究

摘要

With the help of Software ANSYS-DYNA,the FEM spatial model of the wheel with the LMA tread profile and point rails of No.38 high-speed turnout frog was established.The wheel-turnout contact states and dynamic characteristics were studied corresponding to forward and backward movements of wheels passing frogs.The influence of different lateral wheel displacements on wheel-rail contacts was investigated by analysis on the wheel center height,contact position and area and dynamic changes of vertical and lateral wheel-rail con-tact forces.The results show as follows:When a train passes turnouts,contacts definitely occurs at two point and wheel-rail forces are subj ected to a transfer process;compared with a fixed-frog turnout,a movable-frog turnout avoids the harmful space of the turnout which may cause derailing and significantly improves the turn-out passing performance,however the discontinuous running tracks of wheel-rail contacts will lead to vibrations of wheels and turnouts;the lateral displacements of wheel sets impose some effects on wheel-rail contacts and vibrations.%基于采用 ANSYS-DYNA软件所建立的 LMA型踏面标准车轮和38号高速道岔辙叉区的三维有限元模型，研究车轮直向、逆向通过辙叉区时的轮岔接触状态和轮轨动力特性。通过所获得的车轮质心高度、接触斑位置和面积以及轮轨横向、垂向接触力的动态变化特征，分析车轮不同横移量对轮岔接触的影响。研究结果表明，车轮通过辙叉区时必然发生两点接触，且存在轮轨力转移过程；可动心轨式辙叉可消除可能引起车辆脱轨的道岔的“有害空间”，并明显改善车辆过岔性能，但叉心区走行轨线的不连续仍将引起车轮和道岔的振动；轮对横移量对轮-岔的接触状态和振动有一定影响。