基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA的车轮椭圆化对轮轨滚动接触的影响

摘要

A 2D FEA model for wheel and rail rolling contact was developed by using Proe and Hypermesh.Using dynamic analysis FEA software ANSYSYS-DYNA,the wheel-rail rolling contact of wheels ovalization was analyzed with implicit-explicit method.The numerical results show that a larger wheel-rail vertical contact force generates with littler radius of a radial runout wheel,which can increase the development of the wheels ovalization.Then the wheel-rail vertical contact foree increases with the process.It will cause the destruction of wheel and rail after continuous cycles.The wheel-rail vertical contact force increases with the increase of the wheels ovalization and the railway speed,and the influence of the ovalization wave depth is more than the railway speed.When the wheels roll after a same distance,the axle vertical acceleration of the oval wheel is greater than the new wheel.Besides,the axle vertical acceleration increases with the increase of the railway speed.When the railway speed is 300 km/h,the limit of ovalization wave depth is 1.25 mm.When the railway speed is 350 km/h,the limit of ovalization wave depth is 1 mm.If the ovalization wave depth of the wheel is more than this limit,the wheel should be reprofiled.%运用Proe、Hypermesh建立了二维轮轨接触有限元模型,通过动力分析有限元程序AN-SYS/LS-DYNA,采用隐式显式分析方法计算了车轮椭圆化情况下的轮轨滚动接触.仿真结果分析表明:当椭圆化车轮长轴与轨道接触时,轮轨垂向接触力最小,当椭圆化车轮短轴与轨道接触时,轮轨垂向接触力最大,这样将导致车轮的椭圆化加剧,进而轮轨垂向接触力也增大,周而复始,会造成对车轮和轨道的破坏.轮轨垂向接触力随着车轮椭圆化的加剧和车速的提高而增大,且椭圆化波深比速度的影响更为显著.行驶路程相同的情况下,椭圆化车轮的车轴垂向加速度比新轮的要大,而且随着车速的提高,车轴垂向加速度也随之增大.车速300 km/h时椭圆化车轮最大允许波深为1.25 mm,350 km/h时椭圆化车轮最大允许波深为1mm,超过上述限度时,需对轮对进行镟修.