地铁碰撞事故中站姿假人的响应仿真与损伤预测

摘要

地铁车辆中站姿乘员的复杂状态是造成难以预测碰撞损伤的主要因素之一。本文针对站姿假人约束状态、站立方向进行定义与分类，以特定碰撞场景(25 km/h两车对撞)下已实现的车体碰撞过程仿真结果为边界条件，建立特定场景下假人损伤评估方法与相关参数阈值定义；获得基于假人的姿态响应、头部加速度、胸部加速度以及腿部受力碰撞时间历程仿真数据。损伤预测表明：站姿乘员在地铁碰撞事故中受到伤害的部位主要集中在头部、颈部和胸部，可能导致乘客脑震荡，颅骨骨折，肋骨骨折等。扶手提供的保护有限。乘员站立方向与损伤程度之间无显著规律，假人碰撞响应的力学参数最大值可作为结构设计与预测的依据。%Complicated posture of standing passengers is one of the factors that is difficult to predict and assess possible human impact inj uries in a subway train.Definitions and classifications are made on standing dummy restraint and standing directions.An assessment method for the dummy inj uries and threshold for the correla-tive parameters is established with accomplished simulation results under given head-on impact between two trains at 25 km/h as boundary conditions.The impact time-dependent data of the posture response,head accel-eration,chest acceleration and force on dummy legs is derived from the simulation.The inj ury prediction indi-cates that the inj uries mainly occur on the head,neck and chest,which may cause cerebral concussion,skull and rib fractures for standing passengers in a subway collision.Grab handles could offer limited protection. The maximum of mechanical parameters by the dummy response on the impact can be used as the basis for sub-way vehicle structural design and inj ury prediction given no significant regular pattern between standing direc-tions of occupants and the level of inj ury.