兼具科学性和艺术性的公路选线设计对个人经验依赖较大,虽然随着工程实践和人们认识的不断深入和进步,设计理念也从选线地质逐步深化到地质选线,但仍未完全形成系统的方法论.本文通过对部分路线设计案例的成功经验和失败教训的归纳和总结,并结合多年路线设计的经验,提炼出“服务功能和承载能力相协调、自然生态可持续发展、控制因素的系统综合分析、最差的地质条件控制路线方案(‘木桶’原理)、重大工程地质问题否决路线方案、综合选线与整体最优”等公路工程地质选线基本原则,总结出按“以服务功能草定路线走向→宏观识别、碎部研判,优选路线走廊→走廊带工程地质条件综合评估→根据地形条件初拟路线方案→结合工程地质修订确定推荐线位→推荐线位的工程地质条件评价→推荐线位的比选和修订”程序进行地质选线工作的一般程序和定性研究基本方法.%Design of highway route line selection rely too much on personal experience.Its concept and idea has gone through line selection geology to geological selection line.The successful experiences and failure lessons based on some highway design line projects are summarized and concluded in the paper based on some highway design line projects.It is considered that the design of highway route line selection should abide by following 6 principles:(1) the service function should integrate with the bearing capacity;(2) the sustainable development of natural ecology should be seriously considered;(3) controlling factors should be comprehensively analyzed;(4) the worst geological condition route scheme should be controlled;(5) major engineering geological problems should overthrow route scheme;and (6) the best route scheme should be selected through comprehensive route line selection.The general processes and basic study methods of design of highway route line selection are summarized as follows:initial determination of route line direction based on service function →macroscopic discrimination and microscopic study and judgment → selection of preferred route line corridor → assessment of engineering geology condition for recommended route line → comparison and selection and modification of recommended route line.
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