'三言'中'左-右'类方位词在空间隐喻上的认知解读

摘要

There are totally 454 "left-right" class position words in San Yan, which according to their form could be divided into four categories: left, right, co-occurrence and combination.Co-occurrence could be further divided into two sub-categories, separate and adjoined.Simple position words, compound position words, separate and noun adjoined co-occurrence class, as well as combination class, all represent their original general meanings.The semantic distribution of "left-right" class position words is not symmetrical."Left-right" class developed metaphorical meanings in the target domains of TIME, SOCIAL CLASS and STATE: MORE TIME IS RIGHT WHILE LESS TIME IS LEFT;HIGHER SOCIAL CLASS IS RIGHT WHILE LOWER ONE IS LEFT;IDEAL STATE IS RIGHT WHILE UNSATISFIED STATE IS LEFT.%"三言"中"左-右"类方位词共454词,可从形式上分为"左"类、"右"类、对举类、合并类四类,对举又有分列、紧邻二式.其中单纯方位词、合成方位词、对举类分列式与名词性的紧邻式及合并类均有相对自身方位的泛指义."左-右"并不对称,各有自己引申之义."左-右"被用于构建时间、社会等级、状态三个目标域.其隐喻概念是:时间较多为右,时间较少为左;地位较重要为右,地位较次要为左;较理想状态为右,状态较不理想为左.