仿古与创新--明清瓷器中的仿宣德官窑现象考察

摘要

Ofifcial Xuande ware with its unsurpassable height of craftsmanship in Chinese ceramic history had profound inlfuence on the production of porcelain in later periods. As a result, ofifcial Xuande ware imitation prevailed in the ceramic industry during Ming and Qing Dynasties. This paper classiifes this prevalent practice of imitation into three levels:imitation by fully copying the original, imitation by copying the original style for homage to the old masters, and imitation with creative changes to part of the original. The observation of the phenomenon at these levels is expected to clarify the role of Xuande ware in ceramic industry in Ming and Qing Dynasties and reveal the relation between antique imitation and innovation.%宣德官窑是中国陶瓷史上一座难以逾越的瓷业高峰，成就极大，对后世影响深远，仿宣德官窑成为明清制瓷业中的一个普遍现象。通过对明清仿宣德官窑现象的梳理，将之分为三种形式的仿古，一为整体临摹式仿古，一为摹古寄托式仿古，一为局部化裁式仿古；以此解析仿宣德对于明清制瓷业的具体影响，并由此试图探索仿古与创新之间的关系。