Monodisperse Fe3O4nanospheres with uniform particle size distribution were synthesized by a simple solvothermal method, without adding any surfactants and structure directing agents. The morphology, structure and phase composition of the nanospheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2adsorption stripping curves and pore size distribution curves. The measurements revealed that the Fe3O4nanospheres were assembled by 5-10 nm nanocrystallines; with porous structure, their specific surface area reached 41 m2/g. In addition, the formation mechanism of the nanospheres was elaborately analyzed by adjusting the solvothermal reaction temperature and time. It's confirmed that this preparation method has a strong universality. ZnO and CuO nano- and microspheres have been synthesized with the same or similar experimental parameters. These nano-and microspheres will have a more significant application prospect in the energy- and environment-related fields for the use of li-ion battery anode, supercapacitor, catalysis, etc.%本文设计了一种简单的溶剂热法制备单分散良好、粒径分布均匀的纳米四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)微球,在溶剂热过程中没有添加任何表面活性剂或结构导向剂.借助扫描电镜(SEM),透射电镜(TEM),X射线衍射(XRD),N2吸附-脱附曲线,孔径分布曲线对纳米微球的形貌,结构及物相进行表征,结果表明,得到的纳米四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)微球是由粒径为5-10 nm左右的纳米晶粒组装而成,结构疏松多孔,比表面积达到41 m2/g.此外,通过调整温度和时间对纳米微球的形成机理进行了深入的分析.更重要的是,这种制备方法具有很强的普适性,以相同或相类似的实验参数制备得到了ZnO, CuO等一系列纳米微球.得到的这些纳米微球将在能源环境等相关领域有着重大应用前景(例如锂电负极材料,超电,催化).
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