《孙子兵法》成书年代补说

摘要

词的演变和消失，新词的产生，是语言词汇变动的两个重要方面。一些词或短语，如“克/能”“及……战/与……战”“士卒/士人”“疾/病”“于/於/在”以及“不得不”“会战”等，它们的使用呈现出历时的阶段性特征，根据这些特征所分别对应的时代以及这些词(短语)在《孙子兵法》和先秦其他文献中的出现情况推断，《孙子兵法》主体部分成书应不早于战国中期、不晚于战国末年，最迟不晚于西汉初期。%The evolution and disappearance of words, and the emergence of new words, are two important aspects to judge vocabulary change.The use of the words or phrases such as “ke(克)eng(能)”, “shu(树)/mu(木)”, “ji...zhan (及……战)/yu...zhan(与……战)”, “shizu(士卒)/shiren(士人)”“ji(疾)/beng(病)”“yu(于)/yu(於)/zai(在)”“budebu(不得不)” “huizhan(会战)” and so on, presents a diachronic stage characteristics. According to the characteristics of these phases of corresponding times and the words or phrases which appeared inThe Art of War and the other literature,The Art of War was written no later than the end of the Warring States period and the early Western Han Dynasty.