贵州百里杜鹃林区不同采煤塌陷年限土壤化学性质对比研究

摘要

为揭示采煤塌陷对贵州百里杜鹃林区土壤及地表植被的影响机理，为矿区原始杜鹃林带的保护以及土地复垦与生态重建提供理论依据，在选取典型样地的基础上，研究了不同塌陷年限不同土层土壤化学性质的变化。结果表明：随着采煤塌陷年限（未塌陷、塌陷5 a、塌陷10 a）的延长，塌陷区土壤酸性逐渐减弱并向中性趋近；土壤有机质、全氮、全磷含量逐渐下降，全钾含量逐渐升高；土壤速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量在表层土（0～30 cm）中下降，在底层土（30～60 cm）中逐渐升高。总体上，采煤塌陷改变了贵州百里杜鹃林区土壤化学微环境，打破了土壤养分的平衡，造成土壤养分的流失，而表层土受到的影响更为突出。%In order to reveal the mechanism of how the subsidence put influence on the soil and ground vegetation in Hundred-mile RhododendronForest Zone of Guizhou province and provide the theoretical basis for the protection of originalRhododendron forest, the land reclamation and ecological reconstruction of those areas, the chemical property changes of typical soil sample plots from different subsidence times and soil layers were studied. The results were summarized as follows. With the extension of mining subsidence time (not collapsed, collapsed 5 years ago, collapsed 10 years ago), the soil acidity was weaker than before, and tended to be neutral; the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus gradually decreased, while the content of total potassium gradually increased; the contents of soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium gradually decreased in topsoil (0~30 cm), while gradually increased in the subsoil (30~60 cm). Generally speaking, the coal mining collapse changed the soil chemical microenvironment of Hundred-mileRhododendron Forest Zone of Guizhou province, broke the balance of soil nutrients, caused the loss of soil nutrients, and it extremely showed in the topsoil.