The effects of microwave intensity, heating time and wood initial moisture content on the dyeing with reactive dyes of poplar wood were investigated by taking Poplar wood as the tested objects, and with single factor method. The results show that (1) The microwave pretreatment could change the internal microstructure and increase the permeability of poplar veneer; (2) With the increasing of the wood initial moisture content, the dye uptake gradually decreased; when the wood initial moisture content was 25%, the dye uptake and color fixing rate were 39.44% and 38.31% respectively; (3) With the prolonging of the heating time, both the dye uptake and the color fixing rate increased; when the heating time was 90 seconds, compared with untreated wood, the dye uptake increased 21.15%,the fixation rate increased 21.44% ; (4) With the increasing of the microwave radiant power, the dye uptake and the fixation rate both increased, but the dye uptake was better; Compared with untreated wood,when the microwave intensity was 18 kW, the dye uptake increased 21.38%, the fixation rate increased 21.59% ,.%以杨木为研究对象，采用单一因素法研究了杨木初含水率，微波辐射时间及微波辐射功率对杨木活性染料染色效果的影响规律，获得较优的杨木微波预处理工艺。结果表明：（1）微波预处理可以破坏木材内部微观结构，改善木材渗透性；（2）随着杨木初含水率的升高，上染率逐渐下降。当初含水率为25%时，其上染率和固色率分别为39.44%和38.31%；（3）随着微波辐射时间的延长，上染率和固色率均呈上升趋势，当辐射时间为90 s 时，与未处理木材相比上染率可提高21.15%，固色率可提高21.44%；（4）随着微波辐射功率的增大，染色效果也更佳；当辐射功率为18 kW 时，与未处理木材相比上染率可提高21.38%，固色率可提高21.59%。
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