GIS在水稻“寒露风”冷害监测预警中的应用

摘要

水稻低温冷害是广西的主要农业气象灾害,低温冷害的实时监测预警对农业趋利避害和减轻灾害损失十分重要.依托GIS技术和统计学方法,利用1:25万的经度、纬度、海拔高度等广西基础地理信息数据,按照1 km×1 km的较高空间分辨率,对低温冷害的相关气象数据进行细网格空间分析推算,结合广西水稻生长发育状况和“寒露风”低温冷害受害指标,实现对广西水稻冷害发生发展及其强度、范围的实时监测预警,并以2010年10月上中旬冷害过程为例检验了监测效果,与冷害实际情况比较相符.%The low temperature damage to rice is the major agricultural meteorological disaster in Guangxi. The real-time monitoring and early warning of low temperature cold damage are very important to avoid and reduce the disaster losses. Based on GIS techniques and statistical methods, using several types of fundamental geographic data on the scale of 1 to 250000 such as longitude, latitude, altitude, etc, the cold damage data in Guangxi are analyzed and estimated according to specific geographic details on the little grids of 1 km X 1 km. In the light of growing conditions and cold-index of late rice in Guangxi, a method is presented, by which when the cold damage occurs, its developing condition, intensity and area can be monitored and predicted dynamically in real time. The monitoring effects of damage process in early and middle October of 2010 is comparatively accordant with the actual situations.