水稻低温冷害是宁夏的主要农业气象灾害,低温冷害的实时监测与预警对趋利避害、减轻灾害损失十分重要.在前人水稻低温冷害指标研究的基础上,在GIS支持下改进了温度的小网格推算方法,提高温度推算精度;利用多时相遥感资料,提取水稻种植区域;将低温冷害的监测指标推算结果与水稻种植区域相结合,实时判定低温冷害等级分布及区域,并利用天气预报资料,对水稻低温冷害进行预警,开发了自动监测预警系统.将此方法和系统应用到业务工作中,制作了水稻低温冷害业务监测预警产品,监测结果与实际情况基本相符,取得较好的监测服务效果.%The low temperature cold damage of paddy rice is the major agricultural meteorological disaster in Ningxia. The real-time monitoring and early warning of low temperature cold damage are very important to develop the advantages, avoid the disadvantages and reduce the disaster losses. Based on the prior researches on the low temperature cold damage indexes of paddy rice, we improved the small grid reckoning method of temperature and the reckoning precision with the support of GIS. By using the multitemporal remote sensing data, the paddy rice planting zone was picked. The calculation results of low temperature cold damage monitoring indexes were combined with the paddy rice planting zone, which judged the grade distribution and zone of low temperature cold damage in real time. Meanwhile, the low temperature cold damage of paddy rice was done the early warning, and the automatic monitoring early warning system was developed by using the weather forecast data. This method and system were applied to the business works, and the monitoring and early warning products of paddy rice low temperature cold damage business were made. The monitoring results basically corresponded with the actual situation, and the better monitoring service effect was gained.
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