不同湖泊水华发生机制研究进展

摘要

At present;the occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) of lake is increasing worldwide;which has serious impacts on the environment and human health. In this paper;the characteristics and mechanisms of different freshwater harmful algal blooms all over the world was comprehensively analyzed and reviewed;mainly considering the geographical location;climate type;human disturbances and the morphology. The results revealed that the occurrence mechanism and control factors of water blooms in different lakes varied obviously. Finally;Taihu Lake was selected as the typical example to be analyzed and the index system on indicating water bloom occurrence were established by integrating the new research findings and the recently observed data. The index system includes Chl-a;TN;TP;COD;water temperature and wind speed. Chl-a;COD can directly explain the extent of waterbloom. N and TP are the representative of nutritional status. Water temperature and wind speed are of the main meteorological factors. These results can support the further study on water bloom forecast.%目前,世界各地湖泊水华的暴发越来越严重,对人类健康和生态系统有重大危害.本文调研了国内外典型湖泊水华的相关研究成果,从湖泊所属地理位置、气候带、受人类活动干扰强度、主要水华发生藻种和主控环境因子等不同角度进行了总结和分析,揭示了不同类型的湖泊水华特征和发生机制.最后以我国太湖为例,总结已有的研究成果,结合近几年太湖水华和水环境实测数据的分析结果,归纳了太湖水华的主要影响因子,包括Chl-a、TN、TP、COD、温度、风速六个指标,其中Chl-a、COD能指示说明水华的程度,TN、TP是营养盐状况的代表,温度和风速是水华发生的主要气象因子,并定量分析了水华程度和影响因子之间的关系,为水华的预警、预测和评价提供基础和支持.