The surface of crop straw fibers was modified by alkali treatment and acrylic acid coating treatment. The mechanical and waterproof properties of modified crop straw fibers reinforced gypsum-based composite were investigated, and the effect of wax emulsion on the composite was also investigated. The surface modification of crop straw fibers and micro-morphology and micro-structure of the composites were analyzed by using scanning electron microscope, infrared spectrometer and mercury intrusion porosimeter. The mechanism of improvement by modified crop straw fibers and wax emulsion were discussed. The results show that the mechanical property and waterproof property of gypsum-based composite reinforced with crop straw fibers modified with acrylic acid coating mixed with wax emulsion are improved markedly. After alkali treatment and acrylic acid coating treatment, surface roughness of crop straw fibers increases to a certain extent, and the mechanical property of the composite is also improved. Wax emulsion could fill pores within hardened gypsum to improve interfacial bond between gypsum and modified crop straw fibers, so that the waterproof property of the composite is improved.%采用碱处理法和丙烯酸包覆法对秸秆纤维表面进行改性.考察了改性秸秆纤维增强石膏基复合材料的力学性能和耐水性能,考察了石蜡乳液的影响.采用扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪、压汞仪分析了秸秆纤维的表面改性效果和改性秸秆纤维增强石膏基复合材料的微观形貌、结构,探讨了改性秸秆纤维和石蜡乳液的改进机理.结果表明:掺石蜡乳液的丙烯酸包覆改性秸秆纤维增强石膏基复合材料的力学性能和耐水性能明显提高.经碱处理和丙烯酸包覆处理后,秸秆纤维的表面粗糙度都有不同程度的提高,从而提高了复合材料的力学性能；石蜡乳液可填充石膏硬化体中的孔隙,改善石膏和改性秸秆纤维之间的界面黏结,从而显著提高复合材料的耐水性能.
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