电气石对厌氧氨氧化菌驯化与反应器启动的影响

摘要

In this study, the effect of tourmaline on the enrichment of Anammox bacteria for nitrogen removal was investigated by two parallel lab-scale continuously stirred tank bioreactors ( CSTR ) with tourmaline addition R2 and without tourmaline as control R1, respectively. After 23 days of operation, Anammox activity was achieved with a simultaneous consumption of NH4+-N and NO2--N in both reactors. Time of sludge adaptation period of R2 was shorter than that of R1 by 42 days ( R2:12 d, R1:54 d) . R2 showed a stronger capacity for nitrogen removal and resisting nitrogen shock load with the maximum nitrogen loading rate ( NLR) of 205. 0 mg/( L·d) . In addition, tourmaline can control pH and oxidation reduction potential ( ORP) values to provide a stable environment for enrichment of Anammox bacteria. Anammox activity batch tests demonstrate that addition of tourmaline can enhance the activity of Anammox bacteria with a maximum increase of 48. 8% higher than the control. Analysis of extracellular polymeric substances ( EPS ) show that the maximum increase of carbohydrate, protein and total EPS production is obtained in R2 by 7. 6%, 86. 7% and 43. 8%, respectively, which indicate that tourmaline can promote the growth and metabolism of bacteria and enhance the activity of Anammox reaction. According to the results of the particle size observation and scanning electron microscope ( SEM) images, there is no visible benefit for the granulation of Anammox sludge by adding tourmaline and great number of the Amammox sludge and tourmaline developed separately in the component. Phylogenetic tree of bacteria demonstrates that numbers of the functional bacteria such as denitrifying bacteria and nitrococcus are extracted from the seed sludge which contain a big quantity of brevibacterium and filamentous bacteria during the enrichment process.%为了研究电气石对厌氧氨氧化菌驯化过程的影响,采用2个平行的连续搅拌式生物反应器,其中一个添加电气石(记为R1),另一个未添加电气石作为空白对照(记为R2).2个反应器均在第23天观察到显著的NH4+-N和NO2--N同时去除,即表现出厌氧氨氧化活性.添加电气石反应器R2的污泥适应期比对照反应器R1缩短42 d ( R2为12 d,R1为54 d),且最高氮负荷达到205.0 mg/( L·d),比对照表现出更好的耐负荷冲击能力.此外,电气石可以调控pH和氧化还原电位使其保持在厌氧氨氧化菌适合范围内,为驯化提供稳定环境.厌氧氨氧化活性批式实验显示,添加电气石驯化得到的菌体的SAA最高比对照增加48.8%,微生物胞外聚合物( extracellular polymeric substances, EPS)检测结果显示,添加电气石反应器R2的多糖、蛋白质和总EPS分别比对照反应器R1增加7.6%、86.7%和43.8%,说明电气石可以促进微生物生长代谢,提高厌氧氨氧化反应活性.粒径与扫描电子显微镜检测说明：电气石并不利于污泥颗粒化,而是大部分污泥与电气石分散生长.谱系分析说明：驯化过程中,微生物组成由接种活性污泥中大量杆菌与丝状菌逐渐演变,筛选出如反硝化菌、亚硝化菌等功能菌种.