基于利益相关者视角的科技风险认知与规制

摘要

科技风险的利益相关者主要包括科技专家、企业、政府、公众和媒体，在具体的科技风险事件中由于其相关度、紧急性、影响力各不相同，具有不同的认知特点。由于在社会地位、知识水平、权力资源、社会价值观等方面的巨大差异，在科技风险的认知与规制中出现了专家(系统)与公众、媒体与公众、“专家企业”科技共同体与“媒体？公众”社会共同体等多重冲突。建构以每个利益相关者为中心，以其他利益相关者为联动的复杂、多层次、多中心的“行动者网络”和科技风险治理模式，既能充分利用各利益相关者的认知优势和权力资源，又能弥补自身的缺陷和不足，其核心是责任与信任的双向建构。%　　Risk stake_holders of science and technology mainly include professionals ,enterprises , government ,media and the public .In specific science and technology risks ,they differ a lot in the degrees of relevance ,emergency ,effect and perception .Due to the differences in social sta-tus ,commandment of knowledge and power ,and social values ,multiple conflicts emerge in the risk perception and regulation of science and technology ,between professionals and the public , between the media and the public ,between the technology communities of “expertise_enterprises”and the social communities of “media_public” .Therefore ,to build up an “actor_nets” with com-plex multi_layered and multi_centered combination of every stake_holder as the core and other ben-efiters as the periphery and a governance model for technology risks ,we are not only to fully uti-lize every stake_holder’s perceiving advantages and power resources ,but also compensate their disadvantages and defects ,with the core of a bilateral construction of responsibility and trust .