中央与地方政府关系对公共资源配置影响的时空分析--以交通基础设施发展为例

摘要

This article proposes a classification of the powers related to the development of transportation in-frastructure and the concept of the spatio_temporal scale of powers ,which is further divided into the spatial and temporal scales of power subject and power object .It is also proposed that the explanation of the central and local governments’ influence on the allocation of the public resources should be framed from the spatio_temporal perspective .The speculative and empirical studies in the current research arrive at two meaningful findings .First ,the spatio_temporal relations between the power subjects and the power objects ,to a large extent ,determine the efficiency of the public resources allocation in transportation infrastructure construc-tion ;second ,it is conducive for the improvement of the efficiency of public resources allocation to reconcile the subjects and the objects spatio_temporally in the administrative power ,the financial power ,the power to appoint and dismiss administrative heads and the power of supervision .The research calls for the im-provement of the system of NPC at the grass_roots level ,the incentive compatibility between the local gov-ernment and the public to a larger extent ,and the enhancement of the legitimacy of the central govern-ment’s supervision on the local governments .%把与交通基础设施发展相关的权力进行分类，提出权力时空尺度的概念，并把权力的时空尺度具体化为权力主体与客体的时间尺度和空间尺度。从时空的角度形成中央与地方政府关系对公共资源配置影响的解释框架，通过逻辑推理和实证研究的方法对理论进行验证，可知在交通基础设施发展中，权力主体与客体的时空关系在很大程度上决定着公共资源的配置效率，通过权力的尺度重组分别实现事权、财权、行政首长任免权和监督权主、客体时空尺度的匹配，有助于提高公共资源的配置效率。我国目前应进一步完善基层人大制度，在更大程度上实现地方政府与当地公众的激励相容；进一步加强中央政府对地方政府的合法性监督。