偏差与修正：刑事证据种类设立目的之反思

摘要

The logical confusion of legal provision about criminal evidence categories makes scholars focus too much on the normalization of establishing the provision and the logical expression of the provision, which makes them ignore the purposes of setting the criminal evidence categories. The careful revision of the provision without considering its purposes is not only putting the cart before the horse, but also in vain. The purposes to establish the types of criminal evidence is to limit the qualiifcation of evidence and to support the use of rules of evidences, but the mismatch between theory and practice makes the former impossible, and the lack of rules of criminal evidences makes the latter useless. In order to correct the purposes of establishing the criminal evidence categories, we not only need to abandon the outdated limiting purpose and put emphasis on its service function to trial, but also need to be sure of the value and signiifcance of establishing criminal evidence categories and focus on perfecting evidence rules to achieve the supporting purpose.%刑事证据种类法律条文本身的逻辑混乱使得学者过多地关注证据种类设立之规范化、条文表述之逻辑化，却忽视了证据种类设定之目的何在。脱离目的对规则本身的精雕细琢，不仅本末倒置，而且徒劳无益。我国对于刑事证据种类的设立，虽立足于限制证据资格、辅助证据规则运用的目的，但理论与实践的脱节使限制目的南辕北辙，刑事证据规则的缺失使辅助目的无用武之地。立足于现实对刑事证据种类设立目的的偏差进行修正，一方面需要放弃不合时宜的限制目的，着重强调其对审判阶段的服务，另一方面需要肯定刑事证据种类的设立价值与意义，重点加大证据规则的完善，进而达到辅助目的。