复仇与征服：马克思早期作品《乌兰内姆》中的情节与主题

摘要

Oulanem, a major works revealing the origins of Marx’s thought, has a very special stylistic form. It has the vestige of Faust that is popular in the West without doubt although its story cannot be examined. Marx called Oulanem a tragedy since it discusses and involves some important life significances. If we carefully read the text, on the one hand we can feel the strong influence of the European Humanities and Romanticism on Marx;on the other hand we can find Marx’s unique understanding of the contradictions in Human and life tragedy. It is these elements that determine the true state of his early thought and lay a humanistic foundation for his later thought.%在表征马克思思想起源的主要作品中，《乌兰内姆》的文体形式很特殊，其故事情节无可考证，但其中无疑有在西方流传很广的“浮士德形象”的痕迹，所涉及和讨论的人生议题则十分重大，重大而无解，所以马克思自己标明这是一出“悲剧”。如果仔细地研读文本，一方面我们可以感受到马克思受欧洲人文经典和浪漫派思潮的强烈影响，另一方面又可以发现其中无疑也包括了他当时对人性矛盾和人生“悲剧”的独特理解。正是这些内容构成了他思想起源期的真实状态，也奠定了他以后思想走向的人文底蕴。