神话学：从文字文本到文化文本的跨越

摘要

Mythology is studied in the field of literature under modern educational system, thus the writing myth texts are taken as its main studying objects. But the situations of international studies on mythology have experienced two expanding reforms since the late 20th century,namely apart from the original studies on writing myth writing texts from the perspective of literature, studies on mythology have expended to non--writing mythological studies：oral myth and picture myth. This paper summarizes these two studying trends as anthropological turning and archaeological turning,and explains the profound changes they bring to the situations of mythological study.%现代性的教育制度将神话学放在文学专业内,其研究对象以文字书写的神话文本为主。20世纪后期,受到文化人类学知识范式的影响,国际的神话学研究格局大致经历了两次拓展性的变革,即在原有的文学性的文字文本的神话研究之外,拓展出非文字的神话研究：口传神话与图像神话。文章将这两种学术取向概括为＂人类学转向＂和＂考古学转向＂,说明其对神话研究格局带来的深刻变化。