Based on the nature of property right, this paper studies economic consequences of internal control from the per-spective of earnings persistence. Selecting the data of listed companies of Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange from 2009 to 2013, we try to find how internal control quality influences earnings persistence and further compare this effect between state-owned companies and private companies. At the same time, in order to further explore the influence of internal control im-provement for the earnings persistence, we divided the earnings persistence into accruals items and cash flow. The research re-sults show that there is a significant positive correlation between the improvement of internal control quality and earnings per-sistence. When the internal control quality is raised, earnings persistence will also be improved. Through the comparison of state-owned companies and private companies, we find that in the state-owned companies the higher the quality of the internal control, the higher the earnings persistence, but when the internal control quality is raised, earnings persistence has not been significantly improved. While in the private companies, the correlation between the quality of internal control and earnings persistence is weaker, but when the internal control quality is raised, earnings persistence increases significantly.%通过对沪深两市A股主板上市公司2009—2013年间数据样本的实证检验，探寻上市公司内部控制质量的提高是否伴随着公司盈余持续性的提高，比较分析国有控股和民营控股公司内部控制质量的变化对盈余持续性的影响差异，同时为了进一步探究内部控制对盈余持续性的影响，将其划分为应计持续性和现金流持续性。研究结果表明：内部控制质量的提高与盈余持续性的提高存在显著的正相关关系；将盈余持续性细分后仍然可以得到内部控制质量提高，应计持续性与现金流持续性也相应提高的结论。通过国有控股和民营控股公司的对比，发现在国有控股公司中，内部控制质量越高，盈余持续性也越高，但当内部控制质量提高时，盈余持续性并没有显著改善；而在民营控股公司中，内部控制质量与盈余持续性的相关性有所减弱，但当内部控制质量提高时，盈余持续性明显提高。
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